A turzillo



Jl lly 7, 1964 L. A. TURZILLO Re. 25,614

MEANS OF GROUTING AND CONCRETING Original Filed Oct. 8, 1958 4Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. L26 H. Tum-5| Ho ATTORNEY L. A. TURZI LLQ MEANSOI" GROUTING' AND CONCRE 'ITING 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Oct. 8,1958 I. A 1 a $3 4.

INVENTOR. Lee H. Tur illo BY ATTORNEY Jul 7, 1964 L. A. TURZILLO MEANSOF GROUTING AND CONCRETING Original Filed Oct. 8, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 5FIG.I4

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ATTORNEY y 7, 1964 L. A. TURZILLO Re. 25,614

MEANS OF GROUTING AND CONCRETING Original Filed Oct. 8, 1958 4Sheets-Sheet 4 uvvgurox. Lee 9. TM Ho ATTORNEY United States PatentOfilice Re. 25,614 Reissued July 7, 1964 25,614 MEANS OF GROUTING ANDCONCRETING Lee A. Turzillo, Bath, Ohio (2078 Glengary Road, Akron, Ohio)Original No. 3,099,911, dated Aug. 6, 1963, Ser. No. 766,001, Oct. 8,1958. Application for reissue Sept. 18, 1963, Ser. No. 309,910

6 Claims. (CI. 61-35) Matter enclosed in heavy brackets II] appears inthe original patent but forms no part of this reissue specification;matter printed in italics indicates the additions made by reissue.

This invention relates to grouting means for stabilizers, soils andfoundation materials, plugging leaks and voids, placing piles, and forsimilar original and remedial operations.

A feature contemplated by the invention is the compaction of soil at adesired situs directly by action of sufficiently high hydrostaticpressure exerted by means of injected grout but in such a way as toprevent migration of the grout from the situs through the voids, faultsand the like.

Another feature contemplated by the invention is the compaction of soilat a desired situs directly by action of sufficiently high hydrostaticpressure exerted by means of injected grout Without the preceding use ofhydraulic presses or without the necessity for previously injecting atbixotropic liquid or the like which must be subsequently displaced bythe grout.

Another feature contemplated by the invention is the accomplishment ofgrouting or concreting at a desired situs within soil while at the sametime increasing the bearing value and density of surrounding soil evenif such soil contains fissures or voids.

Another feature contemplated by the invention is the enhancement of loadbearing values by increasing point bearing values and/ or skin frictionto higher values than those which would be attained where conventionalgrouting operations are employed. One application of this aspect of thinvention is in piling construction or repair, particularly piling ofthe cast-in-place type, and such application presently appears to beparticularly advantageous.

Still another feature contemplated by the invention is the obtaining ofinformation as to hearing strengths and other engineering informationwhich cannot practically be obtained when conventional grouting orconcreting methods are used.

The purpose of the invention is to realize the above and other featuresby means which may be readily adapted to field operations. In manyinstances, the practices taught by the present invention may, ifdesired, be supplemented by conventional grouting or concretingoperations.

Examples of the practice of the invention are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings. The views are all schematic soil cross-sectionsand the several examples correspond to the following grouping offigures: 1-3, 4-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15, 16-17, 18-19, 20-22, 23 and 24.FIGURES 23 and 24 are enlarged cross-sections taken on lines 2323 and24-24, respectively, in FIGURE 11.

In FIGURE 1 there is shown a foundation 10, the exterior of which it isdesired to grout or concrete and adjacent to which it is desired toeffect a consolidation and strengthening of the surrounding supportingsoil. As contemplated by the invention and shown in FIGURE 2, a porous,flexible bag 11 of fabric or other flexible material is placed at thesitus where the soil consolidation is to be effected. This may beaccomplished for example by drilling or digging a cavity or hole 12 intowhich the bag 11 is lowered. A hydraulic line 13 which may be either aflexible conduit or a rigid pipe is coupled to the porous, flexible bag11. The porous, flexible bag may or may not be wholly or partiallysuspended from the line 13. When the porous, flexible bag is inposition, grout is injected into the porous, flexible bag 11 through theline 13 and such injection is continued against the resistance of thesurrounding soil to expansion of the porous, flexible bag 11. Theporous, flexible bag expands and conforms itself and its contained massof grout according to the strengths, weaknesses and voids of thesurrounding soil areas which it confronts. Normally it will flattenitself against the foundation 10 and will assume conformations at otherpositions which will be to some degree irregular in most soils and whichmay vary in greater or lesser degree according to the pressure at whichthe flowable grout is injected. At most, only a small fraction of theflowable grout oozes through the porous walls of the porous, flexiblebag 11 during injection. Therefore the injected grout does not migratefrom the desired situs even if there are crevices or other paths orvoids in the soil through which pressurized grout would without theporous, flexible bag 11 ordinarily flow. The small fraction of theflowable grout which oozes through the porous Walls of the porous,flexible bag 11 is solidified in pressure contact with the soil of thecavity or situs 12 (see FIGURE 23), or where a solid foundation 10 orother solid is contiguous to the cavity 12, in pressure contact withsaid solid, [and] this enhances the load bearing and/ or skin frictionof the solidified grout to higher values and thus accomplishes thedesired object of this invention referred to hereinabove. If the area ofcontact between the foundation 10 and the porous, flexible bag 11 issufficiently high, or if a plurality of porous flexible bags areemployed distributed over the face of the foundation 10, and ifinjection pressure is sufficiently high, the foundation 10 may beshifted or translated to a desired degree by the hydraulic pressureexerted by the grout, compaction and consolidation of the adjacent soilbeing simultaneously achieved as above described. Similarly, if thesitus of grouting or concreting is under the foundation and if one ormore porous, flexible bags similar to the bag 11 is placed below theunderside of the foundation, either by placing the porous, flexible bagsfrom the sides of the foundation (see FIGURES 11, 23 and 24) or byforming holes through the foundation and placing the bags through suchholes, the foundation 10 may be raised, tilted or leveled.

It is inherent from the foregoing and FIGURE 11, for example, thatsolidified grouting between the bag means and the pressure contactedsurface areas will by extension through the porous walls create abonding efiect between the solidified grout mass within the bag meansand the pressure contacted areas (see FIGURES 23 and 24) In FIGURE 4there is indicated a soil situs 20 where it is desired to accomplishgrouting or concreting. A casing 21 is driven down to the situs 20 andis cleaned out and a flexible bag 22 to which is attached a pipe 23 isinserted to the bottom of the casings as shown in FIG- URE 5. The casingis then withdrawn from the bag as shown in FIGURE 6. Grout is theninjected into the bag through the pipe 23 to expand the bag and compactthe surrounding soil as shown in FIGURE 7. If desired, the pipe 23 mayinclude a threaded connection or other coupling which is capable ofremote disconnection as for example by twisting from the top end of thepipe 23. It may also include a check valve 24 of known type which allowsflow only in the direction of injection. The pipe 23 may be disconnectedand withdrawn after the injection operation is completed and the groutis set, as

indicated in FIGURE 8. The casing 21 may also be withcated by 20A inFIGURE 9, the casing 21 may be left in place at least temporarily andthe operations of FIG- URES 8 may be supplemented by the operationsillustrated in FIGURES 911. In FIGURE 9, a second poous, flexible bag 26is inserted to a portion of the situs 20A which is contiguous to theportion just grouted. Thus FIGURE 9 will be understood to constitute arepetition of the step of FIGURE 5. FIGURES 10 and 11 are similarlyrepetitious of the steps of FIGURES '6 and 7, respectively. In FIGURE10, the casing is withdrawn from the porous, flexible bag 22, and inFIGURE 11 the porous, flexible bag 26 is expanded. The completion ofeach repeated series of steps may include the uncoupling and removal ofthe pipe 23 from the most recently emplaced and expanded porous,flexible bag.

In FIGURE 12 there is indicated a soil situs 20 which is located in arelatively soft soil which may be penetrated by a bag-entraining orbag-carrying member without the necessity of previously forming anaccess passage to the situs. A porous, flexible bag 31 is strapped on apipe 32 which has a protruding lower end 33 which may be pointed. Bymeans of the pipe 32, the porous, flexible bag 31 is driven to the situs30. The porous, flexible bag is then filled with injected grout asindicated in FIG- URE 14.

Because in the practice of the invention the grout is confined by thebag means including one or more bags, the volume of soil displaced bythe grouting can be determined by measuring the volume of grout which isinjected and subtracting the volume of any initial excavation or cavity,if any (no subtraction would be necessary in the example of FIGURES12-14). This furnishes useful information as to the degree of soilcompaction affected by the injecting operation. Knowledge of the volumeof soil displacement may yield additional useful engineering informationwhen considered together with other readily determinable or observabledata, such as the pressure of injection of the grout.

The invention may be employed to halt earth slippage and slides alongshear plane by solidifying the weakened zone and leaving the pipe inplace to act as a shear bar. For example a shear plane 40 shown inFIGURE may be reinforced by means of expanded grout-filled bags 41 and42 which prior to expansion have been driven into place by theirassociated conduit pipes 43 and 44. Each of the conduit pipes isprovided with a relatively long protruding leaching end in theillustrated example, and the conduits serve as shear bars when in place.

The porous, flexible bag or bags employed may be shaped in special waysto accomplish special objects. A porous, flexible bag 50 may be providedhaving blisters or protur-berances 51 which tend to define correspondingblisters or protuberances in the injected grouting so that when theporous, flexible bag is driven into the desired situs 52 as shown inFIGURE 16 and then expanded as shown in FIGURE 17 a number of bulges areformed. In this instance at least a portion of the grout overcomes theresistance of the surrounding soil, or at least partially does so, andto such extent the soil is compacted and the grout conforms itselfaccording to the strengths, weaknesses and voids of the surroundingsoil. At least the radially outwardly extreme portions of the expandingporous, flexible bag conform themselves according to the strengths,weaknesses and voids of the surrounding soil areas.

In FIGURE 18, an augered hole 60 receives a bag 61 provided withrestraining collars 62 spaced along the length of the bag and heldthereto by sticking or other means. Upon expansion as shown in FIGURE19, bulges are formed which correspond to the bulges shown in FIGURE 17.

A cast-in-place piling having high skin friction and tigh point bearingvalues for a given soil or subsurface naterial may be formed asillustrated in FIGURES 22. A double pipe 71, 72 is provided havingstrapped therearound a series of flexible bags 73. The pipe 71communicates with the interior of the bags 73, and the pipe 72 isprovided with exterior openings 74. A hole is augered as shown in FIGURE19. The bags 73 are emplaced as shown in FIGURE 20. The bags are thenexpanded by injection of grout through the pipe 71 as indicated inFIGURE 21, thereby accomplishing a vertically zoned compression of thesurrounding soil. Finally grout 76 is injected into the interveningspaces from the openings 74 of the pipe 72 as indicated in FIGURE 22. Ifdesired, stiff bag-reinforcing plates or bulkheads 75 may be mounted onthe assembly to provide reinforcement for the bags during the operationillustrated in FIGURE 21. Each bag and each intervening space may beinjected through its own individual pipe, if desired, the several pipesbeing preferably bundled together at the center of the assembly.

All the grouting operations described herein may be supplemented byconventional grouting if desired and appropriate in particularapplications.

The above description of the invention should make it apparent that manydetails of the apparatus embodying the invention may be varied withoutdeparting from the teaching of the invention. Accordingly, the scope ofthe invention is not to be limited to precise details of thespecifically described embodiments but is to be defined by the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:

1. A method of grouting a situs within a soil structure comprisingplacing a porous, expandible, flexible bag in unexpanded condition [at]in the situs and then injecting a flowable grout under pressure intosaid bag to expand the bag against soil surrounding the situs andcontinuing the injection of the flowable grout under pressure until asmall fraction only of the flowable grout oozes out through the pores ofthe bag and the expanded bag conforms itself in shape to the surroundingsoil areas contacting the expanded bag according to the strengths,weakness and voids of the surrounding soil structure without thesubstantial flow of grout from the desired situs into crevices in thesoil, and permitting the flowable grout which has oozed through theporous bag and the flowable grout within the bag to solidify in pressurecontact with areas of the situs, whereby the solidified groutingpossesses a higher skin friction to said surrounding structure by reasonof the direct pressure contact of the solidified grout with thesurrounding structure.

2. A method of grouting a situs within a soil structure comprisingplacing a porous, expandible, flexible bag in unexpanded condition andattached to the lower open end of a pipe within said situs, injectingflowable grout under pressure through said pipe into said bag andcontinuing said injection of flowable grount under pressure through thepipe and into said bag until a small fraction of the flowable groutoozes out through the pores of the bag ahd the expanded bag conformsitself in shape to the surrounding areas contacting the expanded bagwithout the flow of grout from the situs into any voids in the soil,permitting the flowable grout which has oozed through the porous bag andthe flowable grout within the bag to solidify in pressure contact withareas of the situs, and disconnecting at least a majority of the lengthof the pipe and removing said pipe, whereby the solidified groutingpossesses a higher skin friction to said surrounding structure by reasonof the direct pressure contact of the solidified grout with thesurrounding structure.

3. A method of grouting a situs within a soil structure comprisingplacing a porous, expandible, flexible bag in unexpanded condition andattached to the lower open end of a pipe within said situs, injectingflowable grout under pressure through said pipe into said bag andcontinuing said injection of flowable grout under pressure through thepipe and into said bag until a small fraction of the flowable groutoozes out through the pores of the bag and the expanded bag conformsitself in shape to the surrounding areas contacting the expanded bagwithout the flow of grout from the situs into any voids in the soil,permitting the flowable grout which has oozed through the porous bag andthe flowable grout within the bag to solidify in pressure contact withareas of the situs, and disconnecting at least a majority of the lengthof pipe and removing said pipe, thereafter placing a second porous,expandible, flexible bag in unexpanded condition and attached to theopen end of a pipe within the situs in a contiguous position to thefirst bag, injecting flowable grout under pressure through said pipeinto said second bag and continuing said injection of flowable groutunder pressure through the pipe and into said second bag until a smallfraction of the flowable grout oozes out through the pores of the secondbag and the expanded second bag conforms itself in shape to the firstbag and the areas of the situs contiguous thereto, permitting theflowable grout which has oozed through the second bag and the flowablegrout within the second bag to solidify in pressure contact with thefirst bag and with the surrounding soil, whereby the solidified groutingof the two said bags are in firm contact one with the other by reason ofthe direct pressure contact of the solidified grout of the two saidbags.

4. A method of grouting a situs within a soil structure comprisingfirst, driving a casing downwardly to the situs and cleaning out thecasing; second, inserting a porous, expandible, flexible bag inunexpanded condition and attached to the lower open end of a pipe downto the bottom of the casing; third, raising the bottom of the casingabove the bag; fourth, injecting flowable grout under pressure into saidbag and continuing said injection of the flowable grout under pressureagainst the resistance of the soil surrounding the bag until a smallfraction of the flowable grout oozes through the pores of the bag andthe expanding bag conforms itself in shape to the surrounding soilstructure; fifth, permitting the flowable grout which has oozed throughthe porous bag and the flowable grout within the bag to solidify inpressure contact with areas of the situs; and sixth, repeating thesecond to the fifth steps at least once to build contiguous to the firstformed solidified grout filled bag a series of contacting solidifiedgrout filled bags one bag resting firmly against another bag; wherebythe flowable grout oozing from a bag resting against another bag andsolidified in contact with the other bag unites the solidified groutbags into a stable reenforcement.

5. A method of providing a bracing structure at a situs includingopposing surface areas, comprising: placing expandible flexible, andgenerally porous-walled bag means in unexpanded condition at the situsand then injecting a flowable grout under pressure into said bag meansto expand the porous walls thereof against opposing surface areas of thesitus and continuing the injection of the flowable grout under pressureuntil a small fraction only of the flowable grout oozes out through thepores of the bag means and the expanded bag means conforms itself inshape to the opposing surface areas contacting the expanded bag meansaccording to the strengths, weakness and voids of the surface areaswithout substantial flow of grout into crevices in the surface areas;and permitting the flowable grout which has oozed through the porouswalls and the flowable grout within the bag means to solidify inpressure contact with said opposing surface areas of the situs, wherebythe solidified grouting between the bag means and the pressure contactedsurface areas, by extension through the porous walls creates a bondingefiect between the solidified grout mass within the bag means and thepressure contacted surface areas.

6'. A method as set forth in claim 5, wherein said bag means includes aplurality of expandible flexible porouswalled bags, and wherein the bagsare respectively expanded to form a series of contacting grout filledbags the grout which has oozed from adjacent porous walls of thecontacting bags being allowed to amalgamate and solidify; the resultantextension of the grout through the adjacent porous walls therebycreating a bond between solidified grout masses within the contactingbags.

References Cited in the file of this patent or the original patentUNITED STATES PATENTS 961,492 Goldsborough June 14, 1910 1,421,857 StoreJuly 4, 1922 2,682,750 Lorenz July 6, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS 363,646 ItalyOct. 10, 1938

